What is Peripheral Artery Disease?
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a disease where the blood vessels in the arms and/or legs become constricted or blocked, thus limiting the oxygen and nutrients that get to the extremities. This can lead to a number of symptoms including simple aching or cramps in the affected limb to more serious conditions such as wounds or gangrene which may lead to amputation of the affected arm or leg. PAD is also on the rise, especially in countries such as Singapore. Currently, Singapore has an estimated 9% of the adult population suffering from diabetes. Major amputation of the lower limb is 10 fold higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics. Worryingly, Singapore is ranked among the developed nations with the highest incidences of leg amputations; there are three to four such operations daily across the country.
The Rutherford Classification
The Rutherford classification is a system that doctors employ in order to categorize and record the extent of PAD. It assists in determining the right management of the disease. The classification categorizes PAD symptoms from 0 to 6, with increasing severity as the category level increases:
- Category 0-2: Such cases can usually be treated with simple changes in life style and pharmacological intervention to reduce the risk factors of PAD.
- Category 3-6: In these cases, the use of medications is not enough to obtain sufficient symptom control. Surgery is usually needed to increase blood flow to the affected extremity. The critical limb ischemia is comprised of categories 4-6 where there is high risk of amputations.
Importance of Early Treatment
Early treatment of PAD is crucial for improving outcomes. The risk of unsuccessful treatment increases as the category level rises, particularly for critical limb ischemia (categories 4-6). In these advanced cases, even a delay of a few days in seeking medical treatment can result in extensive, irreversible gangrene and amputation of the limb.
Living with PAD
Living with PAD can be challenging, but with the right management strategies, many people can lead active and fulfilling lives. It is important to work closely with a vascular doctor to develop a personalised treatment plan and to stay vigilant about monitoring your symptoms and overall health. Regular check-ups and screenings are essential for managing PAD and preventing complications. Additionally, connecting with support groups or counseling services can provide emotional support and practical advice for living with a chronic condition.
Peripheral Artery Disease is a condition that requires attention and care, especially in populations at higher risk, such as those with diabetes. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for PAD can empower individuals to take proactive steps in managing their health. By making informed lifestyle choices and working closely with doctors, those affected by PAD can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications.
